Resolution of the Second International Scientific Conference “Restoring biotic potential of agro-ecosystems” October 9, 2015, Dnepropetrovsk

  • Оргкомітет Конференції

Abstract

Resolution of the Second International Scientific Conference “Restoring biotic potential of agro-ecosystems” October 9, 2015, Dnepropetrovsk Current trends of the qualitative changes in Ukrainian society, European integration and the development of international cooperation in the spheres of assurance life quality and health determine the priority of ecological studies. According to the competitiveness of Ukraine on the international scene the agroecology becomes of great importance and special attention in our country, where agrosphere is about 70 % territory.Anthropic and human impacts on the Ukrainian environment are several times higher than those in developed countries. It means that the environmental situation needs rethinking and development of new strategy and approaches to environmental management, based on the harmonization of the relationship between nature and society.As Ukrainian agrosphere is an important social-economic factor, it is necessary to form a new paradigm where agrosphere is practical solution of solving the problem for providing high-life quality and welfare, well-being of future generations.The ecological status of agricultural land during last decades  has deteriorated significantly and got threatening proportions. Due to failure of scientifically based systems of farming, the natural fertility of agricultural land decreases. The content of humus in the soil of Ukraine decreased on average by 20 %, and the average loss of humus is 0,6–0,7 tonnes / hectare. Soil fertility is reduced as a result of their recompacted. Root soil is compacted to a depth of 0,5 m or more with crops growing using imperfect techniques. They significantly slow the growth and development of the root system of plants and causes yield reduction of 20–30 %. Consequently, the lumpy, granular soil structure is violated, water permeability and aeration capacity is reduced.Status and effectiveness of land using is a determining factor in ensuring a balanced development of agriculture, natural resources, environmental and food security of Ukraine. It was established that one of the main factors in reducing of land resources productivity is degradation of agricultural landscapes due to prolonged use of defective ecological farming systems, breach of optimal structural and functional organization of the territory, balancing its basic stabilizing components. They brought to lower erosion resistance of agrarian landscapes, deterioration of ecological status.The deterioration of the ecological condition of agricultural land, large-scale distribution of soil degradation, depletion of biodiversity and agro-ecological imbalance was due to land in modern agricultural landscapes, failure of optimal balance between environmentally stable, that is natural and environmentally vulnerable lands (mainly arable land). Excessive plowing area caused to decrease of grasslands, forests, conservation of protected areas and more. During last 30 years anthropic agrolandscapes transformation increased 1,5–2 times. Ecosystem of agricultural landscapes was simplified, their age, ecological diversity and relationships between the landscape components were destroyed.Only in recent years reorientation of agricultural production have begun in biologically reasonable valuation of  anthropogenic pressures on the environment, new farming systems which can ensure reduction of anthropic pressure on the chemical nature, growing environmentally safe products.It is necessary to evaluate ecological state of agricultural landscapes as “arable land: natural grasslands: forests”. For Ukraine it should be 1:1.6:3.6 respectively. But in fact, this ratio is 1:0.23:0.3, indicating a significant deterioration of the ecological state of agrarian landscapes in Ukraine: Polissya – medium worsened; in the forest - greatly worsened with the approach to disaster; in the steppe – catastrophic.Considering the international experience, the main thesises of environmental Conventions and other European regulations we have to consider that it is possible to achieve the environmental stabilize of agricultural landscapes by optimal spatial organization of their structure and ecological balance between components. For  making the optimal structural and functional organization of agricultural landscapes it is necessary to reduce the proportion of arable land from 53,9 % to 40 % (24,0 million hectares) and increase the share of ecologically stabilizing lands: forests, long-term and protective plantings – from 19,1 % to 25 % (15,0 million hectares), hayfields and pastures – from 13 % to 29 % (17,6 million hectares).The conference was attended by representatives of state institutions, scientific and teaching staff of higher educationfl establishments, researchers, staff and biosphere nature reserves, a wide Ukrainian public. The aspects of  the formation of secondary ecosystems technology have found their valuation as a means of reproduction of landscape and biotic diversity and functioning of protected ecosystems in agrosphere structure for interaction and its consequences.The impact of agriculture on the state of water quality in the rivers of steppe and steppe zones was revealed. Scientists discussed the common problems of environmental forecasting in tehnoahroekosystem development and paid attention to the methodical assessment of potential formation of aquatic ecosystems. Saving and restoration of biodiversity have become the questions of great attention due to the development of agricultural production, especially in terms of entomological biodiversity in steppe zone. The spreading of dangerous forest butterflies in residential areas worrisomes too. Attention is paid to ecological and micromorphological evaluation of artificial soils of reclaimed land. The problems of vermicompost  application and biological activity increasing of edafotopes in the landscapes. Trends of natural meadows and steppes were discussed, place of agro ecological network of Ukraine was indicated.Conference participants consider to offer the following:1. To develop agricultural research actively, to display the results in academic walls on the farm, to raise the level of scientific innovation in agricultural science. We need new, market forms of cooperation of science and production, which must accelerate the introduction of scientific developments, raise interest and responsibility of scientists and business executives. In the post-reform development of the agricultural sector, the role of science is raising as a reliable employee in choosing of the varieties and technologies, production structures and machines systems.2. To prevent the reduction of acreage structure of annual and perennial grasses, which are  stabilizing factors in agricultural landscapes.3. To reduce the sunflower and rapeseed crops and other exhausting soil crops, cultivation of which is associated with certain environmental risks, especially in non-compliance with scientifically based crop rotation, taking into account the impact of precursors and predecessors.4. To bring the reform program in line with agricultural economics, its greening and results determined with social priorities and insufficient state support for agriculture, rural social sphere, improvement of rural areas.5. To increase the economic and environmental efficiency of farmland.6. To increase the level of material support of agricultural enterprises, the using of wide-tillage and crop systems which are adapted to resource-saving technologies of grain and oil seeds.7. To increase the promotion of innovative technologies and investments in agricultural production to improve its ecologically safe use.8. To reduce anthropic load on soil, which increases the influence of natural factors.9. To complete land reforming for socioecologal purposes.10. To eco-evaluate and normalize anthropogenic and human impacts on natural resources of agrosphere.11. To improve the ecological condition and optimize the structure agrosphere components.12. To work out the basics of environmental safety in agriculture.13. To implement Agro-ecological monitoring and scientific basis of environmental agrosphere prediction.14. To introduce natural agricultural production and adapt it to projected climate changes.15. To form the conditions for balanced stainable use of agricultural land, forest and aquatic ecosystems.16. To go to the encapsulation of chemical fertilizer to prevent soil contamination and eutrophication of water resourses.17. To go to drip irrigation as a measure for cover soil saving, which makes impossible for chemical degradation.18. To go to accurate and bridges agriculture.19. To considerate the climate conditions as a resource for growing agricultural products.20. To use widely the humic preparations.21. To create the socio-natural and agro-industrial complexes.We pay attention for community about stabilization of ecological landscapes due to optimal spatial organization of their structure for ecological balance among constituents, namely to reduce the proportion of arable land 40 % and increase the share ecologically stabilizing lands:  hayfields and pastures – up to 29 %; forests and perennial plants – up to 25 %; preservation of steppe ecosystems.It is necessary to improve the environmental safety of agricultural production through naturalization of agricultural production and environmental conservation which are essential qualities of human life. And above all it is the nature reproduction of agricultural landscapes and environmentally oriented agricultural strategy. 
Section
Discussion. Reviews. Suggestions …