Improving of technical means and technologies of grain transportation for export in Ukraine

Abstract

Grain is one of the main export goods of Ukrainian economy. Over the past ten years, the volume of grain production increased from 38 million tons in 2005 to 63.9 million tons in 2014. Projected volumes of grain production in 2017 amounted to 80 million tons. The main purpose of the additional volume of grain production is export. In these circumstances, an urgent task forUkraineis to ensuring of delivering of flows grain goods to the sea ports with minimal logistics costs. The experience of railways ofUnited StatesandRussian Federationon the organization of transportation of export grain was analyzed. Research has shown that improving the efficiency of export traffic in these countries is achieved by the concentration of freight flows in elevators for larger parties shipment to train size. Stimulation of shippers to concentration of grain flows is achieved by reducing the tariffs for the unit and shuttle train deliveries in comparison with the single car delivering. The problems of export grain transportation inUkrainerelated to the deterioration of grain hopper cars and low efficiency of their exploitation because of the performance of loading on large number of railway stations. In these circumstances, the purchase of new rolling stock will lead to increasing of the delivering cost. It is proposed to concentrate the export flows of grain on the specialized elevators with high loading capacity. The main station for the concentration of freight flows is identified. It is proposed that the servicing of elevators mast be with unit trains that moving on the schedule. The studies show that by increasing the efficiency of railway rolling stock it is possible the development of infrastructure of elevators and purchase new cars without increasing the cost of transportation.