Geographical and landscape-ecological features of display of erysipelas of pigs on territory of the Odesa oblast (1960‒2016)

Abstract

Modern data on the ecology of non-spore causative agents of traditional farm bacterial infections ‒ listeriosis, erysipelas and anthrax ‒ indicate their high plasticity and functional heterogeneity in the composition of diverse ecosystems and agroecosystems. More and more facts testify to the ability of these microorganisms to rapidly realize completely different forms of existence, ecotoxically from the autotrophic to the mixotrophic, from the saprophytic to the parasitic and from the latter to the symbiotic forms. Particularly “rich” in such properties were simple, seemingly unassailable and encapsulated Gram-positive rods, widely distributed in nature – Erysipelothrix. The aim of the work is to determine the possible geographic and landscape-ecological regularities in the manifestation of erysipelas of pigs on the territory of the Odessa region for the period from 1960 to 2016. The material of the research was the long-term reporting data of district and Odessa regional departments of veterinary medicine for the period from 1960, when all manifestations of erysipelas of animals and humans began to undergo mandatory state registration. Significant amount of factual material served as retrospective data - reports, cartographic materials, journals of laboratory studies and numerous literature data. Analytical studies of the primary material were complex, which necessitated the additional use of various actual data ‒ geographic, historical, ecological, statistical and epizootic. All practical, landscape-field and analytical studies of this work are based on standard methods, reflected in special instructions, manuals and recommendations. In the article the of long duration dynamics of level of epizootic tension of erysipelas of pigs is Irepresented on territory of the Odesa area the detailed consideration of that exposes certain conformities to law of display of this infectious disease. Thus for certain the presence of geographical and landscape-ecological features of epizootic process is confirmed within the limits of territory of area. The last acquire the display only on a background absence of factor of vaccinations, that leveled the geographical and ecological specific of display of illness in the stock-raising of area. At subzero activity of this factor the greatest indexes of registration of erysipelas of pigs appeared characteristic for water-wet territories of south-west districts of area, and also for territories with a powerful river-beam network and for forest-steppe Northlands, where rich in a humus black earth prevail. The geographical and landscape and ecological dependence of manifestation of erysipelas of pigs in the territory of Odessa region demonstrates essential value of the soil as one of reservoirs, factors of transfer and it is possible ‒ as secondary source of the infekt for domestic pigs, providing his initial phases of circulation till alimentary ways. The last doesn't deny a possibility of realization of epizootic process on the basis of sapronosis option. Perspective of further researches consist in studying already directly activators and check of their ecological properties in experimental and laboratory conditions. The received results give prospect to open and solve one of the key questions of an epizootology of erysipelas connected with the nature of the activator and its vital strategy, and respectively – with the strategy to control of a disease.